Under the Safe Harbor agreement adopted in 2000, US companies could voluntarily agree to a set of data-protection principles that allow personal information to be transferred across the Atlantic. Safe Harbor was replaced by Privacy Shield in 2016, after the EU's highest court annulled the framework for failing to sufficiently safeguard European citizens' personal information. This too, however, was struck down in 2020, and later replaced by the EU-US Data Privacy Framework, adopted in 2023.
Click
here for the EU Court of Justice case, which led to the invalidation of Safe Harbor.
For a related reference for an on-going dispute involving Meta Platforms in Ireland on on the validity of Standard Contractual Clauses, click
here.
For a related reference for a preliminary ruling involving Privacy Shield and French civil-society groups, click
here.
For a related reference for a preliminary ruling involving Privacy Shield and NGO Digital Rights Ireland, click
here.
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