By Roffie Kuniawan ( July 17, 2026, 09:10 GMT | Insight) -- Indonesia's largest cartel case is testing whether the Indonesian Competition Commission, or KPPU, can hold businesses liable for conduct carried out through trade associations without first defining when such activities breach competition law. During an appeal hearing over KPPU's landmark online lending cartel decision, a competition law expert argued the regulator has never issued guidance distinguishing legitimate regulatory coordination from unlawful collusion, raising questions about enforcement in regulated sectors.Indonesia's largest cartel case is evolving into a broader test of whether the Indonesian Competition Commission, or KPPU, can impose cartel liability for conduct carried out through trade associations without first explaining where lawful regulatory coordination ends and anti-competitive coordination begins....
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